This chapter is about typographic technology. The invention of hand composition was first created by Gutenberg in 1450. Typographers would individually place letters into a chase and place as many letters as they needed until they achieved what they wanted. I think taking the time to put each individual letter is dedication towards being a typographer and shows that the typographer needs to be patient and tedious. When the Linotype machine was created by Ottmar Mergenthaler in 1886, it showed typographic automation because it would produce a single line of type by a keyboard operator. The accuracy of the machine made it easier for typographers to produce type. A year later, the Monotype machine was invented by Tolbert Lanston. It would cast one character at a time rather than an entire line. The Ludlow was also invented at the same time as the Monotype, but did not have a keyboard. Phototypesetting was also an alternative, exposing film negatives of characters onto photographic paper. The evolution of the technology continued with the keyboard phototypesetters in 1950s to scanning and laser systems in 1972. Softwares were developed for type which made the typography world easier. I thought it was interesting that type has advanced so much throughout the years and has made me realize the efforts of typographers and how successful they have become.
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